Cryogenic temperatures are defined as those below 120 K (-153.15°C), but scientist Gao Bo's research reaches even further into the extreme, focusing on temperatures below 24.5561 K (-248.5939°C). Measurement technologies at this range provide critical support for frontier scientific research, major scientific facilities, deep-space exploration, and the development of green energy.

For nearly a century, China lacked a primary thermometry in this field and, as a result, had little influence in the international arena. Gao Bo and her team changed that by developing an entirely new approach to measuring ultra-low temperatures, creating what is now the most precise system in the world. Her findings have since been used to revise international temperature scale ITS-90, giving China a stronger voice in this area of fundamental research. CGTN's Liu Jiaxin visits her "frozen battlefield" to see how she transformed a once-overlooked field into a groundbreaking success.